Ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu. Ukusuka kwizixhobo eziphathwayo ukuya kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zeseva, imigaqo kunye neengqikelelo ziya zihluka kwaye zintsonkothile. Ukukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono loo magama, sinikezela ngoluhlu lwamagama olubanzi lweekhonsepthi ezinxulumene nekhompyuter, ukuqala ngoluhlu lwamagama aphambili aqala ngoonobumba. S, T y U. Olu luhlu lwamagama luya kuba luncedo kuwe nokuba uligcisa okanye usaqala nje kwicandelo letekhnoloji.
Umncedisi
Un mncedisi Yikhompyuter ephakathi yenkqubo yenethiwekhi ebonelela ngeenkonzo kunye neenkqubo kwezinye iikhompyuter ezixhunyiwe. Eli gama lisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiiseva zewebhu ezibamba iiwebhusayithi kwiiseva zefayile ezigcina kwaye zikhulule idatha. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iiseva zibalulekile kuba zivumela ulawulo olusebenzayo kunye nolawulo lwemithamo emikhulu yolwazi.
Ukunyuka kwekhompyutheni kuye kwakhokelela ekuhlukeni kwiindidi zeeseva, kubandakanywa iiseva zesicelo, ii-database kunye neeseva ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokusasazwa kwevidiyo okanye iiseva zokudlala.
I-Network Topology: Inkwenkwezi kunye neRingi
La I-Star Topology Lulungiselelo lwenethiwekhi apho zonke ii-nodes zixhunywe kwi-hub ephakathi. Kule meko, i-hub iba yinto ebalulekileyo yokungaphumeleli; Nangona kunjalo, ukulula kwayo kunye nokulula kolawulo kwenza olu hlobo lwe-topology luqheleke kuthungelwano lwasekhaya.
Kwelinye icala, kwi a inethiwekhi ring, i-node nganye idityaniswe ngohlobo lwe-loop okanye iringi. Ulwazi luhanjiswa kwicala elinye, kwaye i-node nganye kwindandatho inamandla okubuyisela loo datha. Inzuzo ephambili kukuba i-node nganye inokulingana ekuhanjisweni, kodwa ukungahambi kakuhle kukuba naluphi na ukuphazamiseka kuchaphazela yonke inethiwekhi.
Kwiinethiwekhi eziphambili kakhulu, iinkqubo ezixubeneyo ezidibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini ii-topology nazo ziqhelekile. Ezi zisombululo zikholisa ukubonelela nge-redundancy xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokubanzi.
Tshintsha okanye Bridge
El guqula Sisixhobo sothungelwano esidibanisa ii-nodes ezahlukeneyo kwaye sincedisa ekudluliseni idatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN). Ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-traffic rerouting, iiswitshi zigcina itrafikhi kwindlela yayo echanekileyo ngaphandle kokuxinana, ihambisa iipakethi zedatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Isenokuthiwa kwakhona njenge puente, kunye neenethiwekhi ezinkulu, ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula amanethiwekhi abe ngamacandelo amancinci, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko.
Imemori ye-SDRAM
La I-SDRAM (I-Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) luhlobo lwenkumbulo olungqamanisa newotshi yenkqubo ukunika ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenza kunye neeseva, i-SDRAM yaziwa ngokukwazi kwayo ukuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha ngaxeshanye, ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu ezifana neeseva zedatha kunye nezicelo zexesha langempela.
iisemiconductors
Un semiconductor Yinto enokuthi isebenze njenge-insulator okanye umqhubi ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zangaphandle. I-semiconductors ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwee-transistors, ii-diode kunye nezinye izinto ze-elektroniki ezenza intliziyo yekhompyutha yanamhlanje. Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezifana negermanium kunye nesilicon kube yinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-electronics kwaye ivumele ukudalwa kwezixhobo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-compact.
usulelo lwe-serial
Usasazo i serial Ihambisa idatha ngokulandelelana kancinci ngexesha, ngokungafaniyo nokuhanjiswa okuhambelanayo, okuthumela amasuntswana amaninzi ngexesha. Nangona icotha kunosasazo olunxuseneyo, lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ngokweendleko kunye nomgama, oko kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo zeperipheral kunye neekhompyuter.
Inkqubo yeScanDisk
El IscreenDisk yinkqubo yeWindows eyilelwe ukuskena ii-hard drives zeziphoso kwaye uzilungise. Le software iluncedo kakhulu ekuphuculeni impilo iidiski kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kunye nobomi babo. Ibhaqa iimpazamo kumacandelo edisk kwaye inokulungisa ezinye zazo, ibuyisela ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwidrive echaphazelekayo.
Inkonzo 0610 eArgentina
El inkonzo 0610 Iphunyezwe eArgentina njengendlela yokunciphisa iindleko zokufikelela kwi-Intanethi. Ngokufakela isimaphambili se-0610 kwinombolo yefowuni yomnikezeli we-Intanethi, abasebenzisi banokuqhagamshela ngamaxabiso ancitshisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela bekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi ngexesha apho i-Intanethi isekwinqanaba lokwandiswa.
Shareware
El shareware Luhlobo lwesoftware esasazwa simahla ngexesha lovavanyo. Ekupheleni kweli xesha, abasebenzisi banokukhetha ukuthenga ilayisenisi ukuze baqhubeke nokuyisebenzisa okanye banandiphe iimpawu ezongeziweyo. Le modeli yokuhambisa ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bavavanye inkqubo ngaphambi kokuba bazibophelele ukuyithenga.
Inkqubo yokusebenza
El inkqubo yokusebenza Yeyona software iphambili elawula izixhobo zekhompyuter kwaye isebenze njengomlamli phakathi kwehardware kunye nesoftware yesicelo. Ezinye zezona nkqubo zisebenzayo zibandakanya iWindows, macOS, Linux, kunye neUNIX.
Ukwandiswa Slots okanye Slots
Los Azisekho Ziindawo zokubeka kwi-motherboard ezivumela ukufakwa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana nemizobo, isandi okanye amakhadi womnatha. Ezi ndawo zokubeka zibalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwekhompyuter ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintsha yonke ikhompyuter.
Umyalezo weSMS
El i-SMS (Inkonzo yoMyalezo oMfutshane) yinkonzo yokuthumela imiyalezo yeefowuni eziphathwayo evumela ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ebhaliweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-160 loonobumba. Yenye yeendlela zokuqala zokuthumela umyalezo okhawulezileyo kwaye isasetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi kunxibelelwano olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo.
Iprothokholi ye-SMTP
El SMTP (IProtokholi yokuGqithisela ngemeyile elula) yiprothokholi eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuthumela ii-imeyile nge-Intanethi. Lelinye lamacandelo aphambili kwinkqubo yothumelo lwe-imeyile kwaye iyahambelana phantse nazo zonke iinkqubo ze-imeyile kwihlabathi jikelele.
Uyilo lwe-SNA
La I-SNA (I-System Network Architecture) yaphuhliswa yi-IBM ukubonelela ngesisombululo esinamandla sonxibelelwano ngaphakathi kothungelwano lwe-mainframe. Nangona iye yodlulwa kakhulu kwezinye iitekhnoloji kuthungelwano lwale mihla, uyilo lwe-SNA ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kothungelwano olukhulu lweenkampani.
Sniffer
Un isitshixo sisicelo esiyilelwe ukujonga kunye nokuhlalutya itrafikhi kuthungelwano. Nangona isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezisemthethweni ukuxilonga iingxaki kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, inokusetyenziswa ngokungalunganga ukunqanda idatha ebalulekileyo. Iinkampani zihlala zisebenzisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko ekumgangatho ophezulu ukukhusela ekufakelweni okungagunyaziswanga kweziseki ezingekho mthethweni.
software
Ixesha isoftwe igubungela nayiphi na inkqubo okanye iseti yeenkqubo ezivumela ikhompyutha. Isusela kwiisistim zokusebenza ezilawula ihardware yekhompyuter ukuya kwii-aplikeshini ezithile ezifana nabahleli bokubhaliweyo okanye izikhangeli ze-Intanethi.
Imeyile eyinkunkuma okanye iSpam
El ispemu Kukuthumela ngobuninzi bee-imeyile ezingacelwanga, ubukhulu becala ngeenjongo zorhweba okanye ubuqhophololo bekhompyuter. Ukulwa nogaxekile ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ze-imeyile.
Isango
Un isiseko Sisiphelo soqhagamshelwano kuthungelwano. Isebenza njengekhonkco phakathi kweprogram yomxhasi kunye nomncedisi, ivumela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Iisokethi zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiiseva zewebhu ukuya kwingxoxo ye-intanethi.
SQL
El SQL (Structured Query Language) lulwimi lokuprograma oluyilelwe ukusebenzisana novimba weenkcukacha. Isetyenziselwa ukubuza kunye nokuguqula ulwazi olugcinwe kwiinkqubo zesiseko sedatha ezifana ne-MySQL, i-PostgreSQL kunye ne-Microsoft SQL Server.
Umgaqo weSSL
El SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) yiprothokholi eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunxibelelwano kwi-Intanethi, ibonelela ngofihlo lwedatha phakathi kweeseva kunye nabasebenzisi. Namhlanje ilandela layo, i-TLS, isetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa isabizwa ngokuba yi-colloquially njenge-SSL.
Uhlengahlengiso lwesenzi sokungeniswa kwiKhompyutha
Ixesha ngenisa Luhlengahlengiso lwesiNgesi elithi «Submit», elithetha ukuthumela. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwewebhu ukubhekisa ekungeniseni iifom zeHTML kumncedisi.
Ireyithi yeFtithi ye-Intanethi
La ixabiso elimthebelele ngumzekelo wokuhlawula obonelelwa ngababoneleli be-Intanethi abathile, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlawule umrhumo omiselweyo wenyanga wokufikelela kwinethiwekhi okungenamkhawulo. Le ndlela ingundoqo ekwandiseni ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi, ngakumbi kumakhaya.
Ikhadi lothungelwano
Omnye ikhadi lenethiwekhi Sisixhobo esivumela ikhompyuter ukuba idibane nezinye iikhompyuter ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. La makhadi ayimfuneko kuthungelwano lwasekhaya, olungenazingcingo okanye lwe-Ethernet.
Ikhadi lemifanekiso
Omnye Ikhadi lemifanekiso Licandelo le-hardware enoxanduva lokucwangcisa kunye nokwenza imifanekiso eboniswe kwiscreen sekhompyuter. Eli candelo libalulekile kumdlalo, ukuhlela ividiyo, kunye nolunye usetyenziso olufuna imizobo ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-TCP / IP
Iprotocol suite TCP / IP iqinisekisa ukuba idatha ihanjiswa ngokuthembekileyo kuthungelwano olufana ne-Intanethi. Sisiseko soqhagamshelwano kuthungelwano lwanamhlanje lwehlabathi.
Iringi yethokheni
La Inethiwekhi yeToken Ring Luhlobo lolwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi apho izixhobo zenethiwekhi ziqhagamshelwe kwindandatho. Ulwazi luhanjiswa ngethokheni yedatha ejikelezayo ngokuqhubekayo ngendandatho.
ITransistor
El umtshintshi Licandelo le-elektroniki eliguqule ikhompyutha yale mihla. Isebenza njengotshintshi okanye i-amplifier yesignali kwaye isiseko sezijikelezo ze-microprocessor zangoku.
ITrojan
Un iTrojan Luhlobo lwe-malware oluziguqula njengesoftware esemthethweni, ngamanye amaxesha isebenzisa ukubonakala okumsulwa okanye okuluncedo njengenkohliso. Injongo yayo ngokubanzi kukuvumela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kumatshini ukuba kube idatha okanye ukwenza ezinye izenzo ezingalunganga.
eTuxedo
eTuxedo Yimascot esemthethweni yenkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux. Iboniswa njenge penguin, iye yaba luphawu olwamkelwa ngokubanzi kuluntu lwesoftware yasimahla.
Ihlabathi le-UNIX
Unix yinkqubo ecocekileyo yolwakhiwo, yabasebenzisi abaninzi, enemisebenzi emininzi eye yavelisa ezinye iinkqubo ezifana neLinux, BSD, kunye neSolaris. Nangona ingathandwa kangako kwindawo yasekhaya, iseyeyona ndlela iphambili kwiiseva nakwindawo zokusebenza.
Ujongano lwe-USB
El i-USB (Universal Serial Bus) lujongano oluqhelekileyo olukuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelane neeperipherals ezifana nezitshixo, abashicileli kunye neehard drives zangaphandle kwikhompyuter. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngokulula kunye neplagi kunye nenqaku lokudlala liyenze yaba yenye yezona migangatho zamkelwe kakhulu kwihlabathi lekhompyuter yanamhlanje.
I-USB iye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, inikezela ngeenguqulelo ezikhawulezayo ezifana ne-USB 2.0, 3.0 kunye ne-USB-C, ehambelana nezixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neelaptops.
Olu luhlu lwamagama lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamagama, lubonelela ngentshayelelo eqinileyo kwiikhonsepthi eziphambili kwikhompyutha. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele la magama ukuze uqonde ngcono indlela ihlabathi ledijithali elisingqongileyo elisebenza ngayo.